Castleport Test Prep

SLP Praxis Exam Prep: Free Study Guide + Practice Questions

Use this free plan to prepare for the current U.S. speech-language pathology national exam: ETS Praxis Speech-Language Pathology (5331) for testing through December 26, 2026, and the same-content National Speech-Language Pathology Examination administered by PSI beginning January 11, 2027.

Unofficial practice: Castleport Test Prep questions are original practice questions, not official ETS, ASHA, or PSI exam questions.

Your four-week SLP Praxis study plan

A practical default is 5 study days per week for about 60–90 minutes per session. That is a planning example, not a required amount of study time or a promise of passing.

Four-week SLP Praxis study plan: 20 sessions
Week Main goal What to do
Week 1 Diagnose and rebuild foundations
  • Day 1: exam map + 12-question mixed baseline;
  • Day 2: speech sound/language foundations;
  • Day 3: fluency/voice/motor speech/cognition;
  • Day 4: AAC/hearing/feeding-swallowing;
  • Day 5: professional practice + error-log review
Week 2 Assessment and diagnosis
  • Day 1: screening/case history;
  • Day 2: speech/language/fluency/voice assessment;
  • Day 3: motor speech/cognition/AAC/hearing;
  • Day 4: feeding-swallowing assessment;
  • Day 5: mixed practice + review
Week 3 Treatment planning
  • Day 1: goals/prognosis/counseling;
  • Day 2: pediatric speech/language;
  • Day 3: adult neurogenic/motor speech/cognition;
  • Day 4: AAC/hearing/feeding-swallowing intervention;
  • Day 5: mixed practice + review
Week 4 Integrate and execute
  • Day 1: weakest category;
  • Day 2: weakest practice area;
  • Day 3: mixed clinical reasoning;
  • Day 4: timed mixed practice;
  • Day 5: final high-yield review + logistics

If your exam is closer, compress the sequence rather than skipping the baseline and missed-question review. With 1 week, do the baseline, attack the two weakest areas, complete mixed practice, and finish with a focused review. With 2 weeks, combine Weeks 1–2 and Weeks 3–4. With 6+ weeks, keep the same sequence and add spaced review between blocks.

Start with a 12-question mixed baseline

Answer Questions 1–12 before doing a deep review. Record which top-level category and practice area you miss. The point is to find where your study time should go next—not to estimate an official Praxis score.

These 12 baseline questions mix practice areas within Category I. They do not sample all three categories; use Questions 13–36 to review assessment and treatment.

SLP-PREP-001 — Multilingual service delivery

Category I: Foundations and Professional Practice · Practice area: Multilingual service delivery

A bilingual child uses a grammatical pattern that is expected in the child’s home language but differs from mainstream American English. What is the best interpretation?

  • A. Treat the pattern as evidence of a language disorder
  • B. Treat the pattern as a speech sound disorder
  • C. Consider the pattern in the context of the child’s languages and linguistic community before labeling it disordered
  • D. Ignore the home language and score only English
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: C

Cultural and linguistic differences are not disorders. Assessment should consider the person’s language history and the rules of the languages or dialects they use before interpreting a feature as impaired.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: A language difference alone does not establish disorder.
  • B: A grammatical pattern is not automatically a speech sound disorder.
  • C: Correct. The pattern must be interpreted within the child’s linguistic system and community.
  • D: English-only interpretation can misclassify a multilingual speaker.

Source: ASHA Multilingual Service Delivery

SLP-PREP-002 — Speech sound production

Category I: Foundations and Professional Practice · Practice area: Speech sound production

During a speech sound assessment, a child produces a sound pattern that is typical in the child’s dialect. What should the SLP do?

  • A. Count every dialectal production as an error
  • B. Interpret the pattern against the child’s linguistic community before deciding it is atypical
  • C. Diagnose a phonological disorder whenever intelligibility is reduced
  • D. Use only standardized single-word scores
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

Speech sound patterns vary across linguistic systems. The SLP should distinguish dialectal or language-based variation from unexpected, developmentally inappropriate patterns.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Dialectal productions should not automatically be scored as errors.
  • B: Correct. Linguistic context is necessary before labeling a pattern atypical.
  • C: Reduced intelligibility alone does not identify the cause.
  • D: A comprehensive assessment uses more than one standardized score.

Source: ASHA Speech Sound Disorders: Articulation and Phonology

SLP-PREP-003 — Fluency

Category I: Foundations and Professional Practice · Practice area: Fluency

Which information is most important to add when an adult who stutters has relatively few observable disfluencies during the clinic sample?

  • A. Only the percentage of syllables stuttered in that sample
  • B. The person’s internal reactions, avoidance, and communication impact across situations
  • C. Only oral-motor strength measures
  • D. Only family history
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

Stuttering can include covert behaviors and adverse life impact that are not captured by a single observable speech sample. Comprehensive assessment includes affective, behavioral, cognitive, and participation effects.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: A single frequency measure can miss covert stuttering and impact.
  • B: Correct. Internal reactions and real-world impact are core assessment information.
  • C: Oral-motor strength does not describe the lived impact of stuttering.
  • D: Family history can be relevant but is not sufficient.

Source: ASHA Stuttering, Cluttering, and Fluency

SLP-PREP-004 — Voice

Category I: Foundations and Professional Practice · Practice area: Voice

A patient reports that their voice no longer meets daily communication needs, although listeners do not consistently perceive the voice as abnormal. Which statement is most accurate?

  • A. A voice disorder cannot be present unless listeners hear an abnormality
  • B. The patient’s concern can still be clinically meaningful and consistent with a voice disorder
  • C. The complaint should be treated as malingering
  • D. Only pitch can define a voice disorder
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

ASHA notes that a voice disorder may be present when an individual is concerned that the voice is abnormal or does not meet daily needs, even if others do not perceive it as different.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Listener perception is not the sole criterion.
  • B: Correct. The patient’s functional concern matters.
  • C: The scenario does not support malingering.
  • D: Voice involves quality, pitch, loudness, and function.

Source: ASHA Voice Disorders

SLP-PREP-005 — AAC

Category I: Foundations and Professional Practice · Practice area: AAC

A team delays AAC because a child has not demonstrated certain cognitive “prerequisite” skills. Which response best reflects current AAC guidance?

  • A. AAC should wait until prerequisite cognitive skills are proven
  • B. Impaired cognition does not by itself preclude communication or AAC use
  • C. AAC is only for people with intact literacy
  • D. AAC should replace every other communication modality
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

ASHA notes that impaired cognition does not preclude communication. AAC can support functional communication and should be considered according to individual needs rather than a fixed cognitive prerequisite.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: There is no universal cognitive prerequisite for AAC.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: AAC can include symbols, gestures, pictures, speech-generating devices, and other modalities.
  • D: AAC often supplements rather than replaces other communication.

Source: ASHA Augmentative and Alternative Communication

SLP-PREP-006 — Motor speech / language

Category I: Foundations and Professional Practice · Practice area: Motor speech / language

Which distinction between dysarthria and aphasia is most accurate?

  • A. Dysarthria primarily affects language comprehension, while aphasia affects articulation
  • B. Dysarthria affects speech production; aphasia affects language comprehension and/or expression
  • C. Both disorders are defined by vocal fold pathology
  • D. Aphasia is always accompanied by dysarthria
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder affecting speech production. Aphasia is a language disorder that can affect spoken and written expression and comprehension.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: The relationship is reversed.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: Neither diagnosis is defined by vocal fold pathology.
  • D: They can co-occur but one does not require the other.

Source: ASHA Dysarthria in Adults

SLP-PREP-007 — Motor speech

Category I: Foundations and Professional Practice · Practice area: Motor speech

Which finding is more characteristic of acquired apraxia of speech than of dysarthria?

  • A. Neuromuscular weakness as the defining deficit
  • B. Impaired planning or programming of speech movements with phonetic and prosodic errors
  • C. Language comprehension deficits as the defining deficit
  • D. Conductive hearing loss
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

Acquired apraxia of speech is a neurologic speech disorder involving impaired planning or programming of phonetic and prosodic processes. Dysarthria reflects neuromuscular execution problems.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Neuromuscular weakness/control problems are associated with dysarthria.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: Language comprehension deficits point toward aphasia, not AOS itself.
  • D: Hearing loss is not the defining mechanism.

Source: ASHA Acquired Apraxia of Speech

SLP-PREP-008 — Evidence-based practice

Category I: Foundations and Professional Practice · Practice area: Evidence-based practice

Which combination best represents evidence-based practice in speech-language pathology?

  • A. Published research only
  • B. Clinical experience only
  • C. Client preference only
  • D. Best available evidence, clinical expertise, and client/care-partner perspectives
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: D

ASHA describes evidence-based practice as integrating current best evidence, clinical expertise, and client/patient/student/care-partner perspectives.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Research alone omits clinical expertise and client perspectives.
  • B: Experience alone is insufficient.
  • C: Preferences matter but are not the only component.
  • D: Correct.

Source: ASHA evidence-based practice guidance

SLP-PREP-009 — Professional ethics

Category I: Foundations and Professional Practice · Practice area: Professional ethics

An SLP is asked to provide a service for which they have not developed adequate competence. What is the most defensible action?

  • A. Provide it anyway if the family signs a waiver
  • B. Proceed because holding the CCC-SLP establishes competence in every specialty area
  • C. Seek appropriate training, consultation, or referral rather than practice beyond competence
  • D. Decline all future clients with that diagnosis
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: C

ASHA’s Code of Ethics requires professionals to practice within areas of competence based on education, training, and experience. Consultation, additional training, or referral may be appropriate.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: A waiver does not create professional competence.
  • B: Certification does not establish competence in every specialty procedure.
  • C: Correct.
  • D: The obligation is to practice competently, not categorically avoid a diagnosis.

Source: ASHA Code of Ethics

SLP-PREP-010 — Feeding and swallowing

Category I: Foundations and Professional Practice · Practice area: Feeding and swallowing

Which statement about aspiration is most accurate when reviewing dysphagia signs?

  • A. Absence of coughing rules out aspiration
  • B. Wet voice always proves aspiration
  • C. Silent aspiration can occur without overt signs such as coughing
  • D. Any cough during a meal proves aspiration
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: C

ASHA notes that silent aspiration may occur without overt signs. Coughing, throat clearing, or voice changes can be clinically relevant but should be interpreted with the broader medical and swallowing picture.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Silent aspiration makes this false.
  • B: A wet voice is not by itself definitive proof.
  • C: Correct.
  • D: Coughing is not specific enough to prove aspiration.

Source: ASHA Adult Dysphagia

SLP-PREP-011 — Social communication

Category I: Foundations and Professional Practice · Practice area: Social communication

Why should an SLP avoid interpreting eye contact or conversational style using a single universal norm?

  • A. Social communication behaviors are influenced by sociocultural and individual factors
  • B. Pragmatics is unrelated to culture
  • C. Nonverbal communication is not part of social communication
  • D. Only standardized tests may be used for social communication
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: A

ASHA emphasizes that social communication behaviors, including eye contact, facial expression, and body language, vary across individuals, families, and cultures.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Correct.
  • B: Pragmatic expectations can be culturally influenced.
  • C: Nonverbal behavior is part of social communication.
  • D: Assessment can include interviews, observations, reports, and other measures.

Source: ASHA Social Communication Disorder

SLP-PREP-012 — Hearing

Category I: Foundations and Professional Practice · Practice area: Hearing

An adult repeatedly asks for repetition and reports particular difficulty understanding speech in background noise. Which interpretation is most appropriate?

  • A. These complaints can be consistent with hearing loss and warrant appropriate hearing evaluation
  • B. They establish aphasia
  • C. They establish a motor speech disorder
  • D. They are normal and should never prompt referral
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: A

Difficulty understanding speech in noise and frequent requests for repetition are among common signs associated with adult hearing loss. Appropriate audiologic evaluation may be warranted.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Correct.
  • B: These signs alone do not establish aphasia.
  • C: They do not establish a motor speech disorder.
  • D: Persistent functional complaints merit appropriate evaluation.

Source: ASHA Hearing Loss in Adults

Do not convert this baseline to a Praxis scaled score. Your result describes only your performance on these Castleport questions. It is not a validated readiness measure or a prediction of whether you will pass.

What is on the SLP Praxis?

For ETS Praxis Speech-Language Pathology (5331), the official Study Companion lists 132 selected-response questions in 150 minutes. The test is divided into three approximately equal top-level content categories, about 44 questions or 33⅓% each:

  1. Foundations and Professional Practice
  2. Screening, Assessment, Evaluation, and Diagnosis
  3. Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation of Treatment

Those categories are applied across nine broad areas of SLP practice: speech sound production; fluency; voice, resonance, and motor speech; receptive and expressive language; social aspects of communication including pragmatics; cognitive aspects of communication; AAC; hearing; and feeding and swallowing.

Official blueprint: ETS Praxis Speech-Language Pathology Study Companion (5331) (PDF)

Category I — Foundations and Professional Practice

Be ready to apply typical development across the lifespan, factors that influence communication/feeding/swallowing, characteristics of common disorders, culturally and linguistically appropriate service delivery, counseling and collaboration, documentation, ethics, legislation and advocacy, and evidence-based practice.

Category II — Screening, Assessment, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

Be ready to distinguish screening from comprehensive evaluation, develop relevant case histories, select and interpret assessment procedures, consider anatomy/physiology and etiologies, and reason across the nine practice areas.

Category III — Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation of Treatment

Be ready to prioritize treatment, develop goals, select treatment details, communicate recommendations, monitor progress and outcomes, and apply treatment principles across the nine practice areas.

The nine practice areas you need to review

Nine SLP practice areas: what to recognize and decide
Practice area Be able to recognize Be able to decide
Speech sound production developmental and unexpected patterns; linguistic variation what further assessment or treatment direction fits
Fluency overt/covert features and life impact what assessment information and individualized goals matter
Voice, resonance, motor speech perceptual patterns and likely speech/voice system involved when differential assessment, referral, or treatment planning is needed
Receptive/expressive language developmental or acquired language profiles how to assess and prioritize functional intervention
Social communication pragmatic/social demands and contextual variation how to assess function across partners, settings, and cultures
Cognition attention, memory, executive-function effects on communication how cognition changes functional communication assessment and support
AAC communication needs, access, symbols, partners, environments how to feature-match and support multimodal communication
Hearing signs that hearing affects communication when hearing evaluation, communication strategies, or aural rehabilitation may be appropriate
Feeding/swallowing clinical signs, risk context, oral/pharyngeal function when further assessment, referral, instrumental evaluation, or intervention is indicated

This table is a study organizer, not a new weighting scheme. ETS gives the three top-level categories equal approximate weight; it does not publish a Castleport-style percentage for each of the nine practice areas.

How to study for the SLP Praxis efficiently

Use a five-step loop: practice → classify the miss → verify the principle → answer another case → revisit it later.

Use practice questions to expose the kind of gap

For every miss, decide whether the problem was:

  • Recall: you did not know the relevant fact or concept.
  • Discrimination: you knew the facts but could not separate two similar choices.
  • Clinical reasoning: you missed which detail in the case should control the decision.
  • Question reading: you overlooked a qualifier such as best, first, most appropriate, or a stated limitation.

Keep a compact error log

Compact error log template
Question ID Topic Why I missed it Correct principle Source checked Review date
SLP-PREP-___ Blank for your entry Blank for your entry Blank for your entry Blank for your entry Blank for your entry

Study breadth before tiny details

The official blueprint is broad. Do not spend most of your schedule on one favorite specialty unless your practice performance shows that it is genuinely your weakest area. Start broad, identify misses, and then narrow.

Turn notes into decisions

Instead of copying another page of notes, ask:

  • What finding changes the differential?
  • What information is still missing?
  • Is this a screening question, a diagnostic question, or a treatment question?
  • Which option best fits the person’s function, goals, safety, and context?
  • Is a referral or interprofessional step needed?

Practice questions: Screening, Assessment, Evaluation, and Diagnosis

SLP-PREP-013 — Feeding and swallowing

Category II: Screening, Assessment, Evaluation, and Diagnosis · Practice area: Feeding and swallowing

What is the primary purpose of a swallowing screening?

  • A. To determine the exact physiologic cause of dysphagia
  • B. To identify who needs further swallowing assessment or other referral
  • C. To replace instrumental assessment
  • D. To prescribe a permanent diet independently
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

A swallowing screening identifies the likelihood that dysphagia may be present and whether comprehensive assessment or referral is needed. It does not define the full physiology of swallowing.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Screening is not a definitive physiologic diagnosis.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: Screening cannot replace all comprehensive or instrumental assessment.
  • D: A screen alone is not the basis for a permanent management plan.

Source: ASHA Adult Dysphagia

SLP-PREP-014 — Feeding and swallowing

Category II: Screening, Assessment, Evaluation, and Diagnosis · Practice area: Feeding and swallowing

Which method is required when the clinical question is to directly visualize swallowing physiology and laryngeal/pharyngeal anatomy?

  • A. Case history alone
  • B. Non-instrumental bedside examination alone
  • C. Instrumental swallowing assessment such as VFSS or FEES when indicated
  • D. A speech intelligibility test
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: C

Instrumental procedures provide visualization of swallowing physiology and relevant anatomy. A non-instrumental examination can identify clinical signs and guide questions but cannot directly verify specific pharyngeal/laryngeal physiology.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Case history cannot visualize physiology.
  • B: Clinical examination cannot directly visualize the relevant anatomy and physiology.
  • C: Correct.
  • D: Speech intelligibility testing answers a different question.

Source: ASHA Adult Dysphagia

SLP-PREP-015 — AAC

Category II: Screening, Assessment, Evaluation, and Diagnosis · Practice area: AAC

During an AAC evaluation, which approach best reflects feature matching?

  • A. Choose the device with the largest vocabulary for every client
  • B. Match system features to the individual’s communication, sensory, motor, language, and environmental needs
  • C. Choose the least expensive system without trialing access
  • D. Require direct touch access before considering AAC
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

AAC assessment considers individual strengths and needs, including sensory and motor access, communication functions, language, settings, partners, and system features.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: No single vocabulary size fits every user.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: Cost may matter, but clinical feature matching cannot be reduced to price.
  • D: Indirect access methods may be appropriate when direct selection is not.

Source: ASHA Augmentative and Alternative Communication

SLP-PREP-016 — Fluency

Category II: Screening, Assessment, Evaluation, and Diagnosis · Practice area: Fluency

A school-age student stutters much more during presentations than in casual conversation. What should the assessment include?

  • A. Only a clinic reading passage
  • B. Speech samples and impact information across relevant situations and tasks
  • C. Only a hearing screening
  • D. Only a count of secondary behaviors
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

Fluency symptoms can vary by environment. Comprehensive assessment should sample communication across situations and include the person’s reactions and functional impact.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: One task can miss important variability.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: Hearing may be relevant in a broader evaluation but does not answer the fluency question.
  • D: Secondary behaviors are only one part of assessment.

Source: ASHA Stuttering, Cluttering, and Fluency

SLP-PREP-017 — Voice

Category II: Screening, Assessment, Evaluation, and Diagnosis · Practice area: Voice

An SLP suspects a structural or neurologic laryngeal cause of persistent dysphonia. What is the best next step?

  • A. Treat indefinitely without medical collaboration
  • B. Refer as appropriate for medical diagnosis while continuing within the SLP’s role
  • C. Assume the problem is psychogenic
  • D. Diagnose a specific laryngeal lesion from perceptual voice quality alone
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

Voice care is often interdisciplinary. ASHA describes referral to medical professionals, such as otolaryngologists/laryngologists, when medical diagnosis or management is indicated.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Persistent suspected medical causes require appropriate collaboration.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: A psychogenic cause should not be assumed.
  • D: Perceptual voice quality alone does not establish a specific lesion.

Source: ASHA Voice Disorders

SLP-PREP-018 — Speech sound production

Category II: Screening, Assessment, Evaluation, and Diagnosis · Practice area: Speech sound production

During a comprehensive speech sound assessment, the SLP suspects hearing loss is contributing to errors. What is the most appropriate action?

  • A. Ignore hearing because articulation testing is sufficient
  • B. Refer for hearing evaluation as appropriate
  • C. Diagnose childhood apraxia of speech solely from the hearing concern
  • D. Wait until treatment fails before considering hearing
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

ASHA’s speech sound guidance includes referral to audiology when hearing loss is suspected. Hearing status can affect speech development and interpretation of assessment results.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Hearing is relevant to speech sound assessment.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: A hearing concern does not establish CAS.
  • D: Referral need not wait for failed treatment.

Source: ASHA Speech Sound Disorders: Articulation and Phonology

SLP-PREP-019 — Motor speech

Category II: Screening, Assessment, Evaluation, and Diagnosis · Practice area: Motor speech

A patient after stroke shows inconsistent articulatory errors, distorted substitutions, slowed rate, and abnormal prosody that worsen with increased utterance complexity. Which diagnosis should be strongly considered?

  • A. Acquired apraxia of speech
  • B. Conductive hearing loss
  • C. Isolated receptive aphasia
  • D. Voice disorder
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: A

The described pattern is characteristic of acquired apraxia of speech: impaired speech motor planning/programming with phonetic distortions, inconsistency, prosodic abnormalities, and greater difficulty as speech complexity increases.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Correct.
  • B: Hearing loss does not explain this motor speech pattern.
  • C: Receptive aphasia does not account for these speech-motor signs.
  • D: Voice disorder does not explain inconsistent articulatory planning errors.

Source: ASHA Acquired Apraxia of Speech

SLP-PREP-020 — Motor speech / language

Category II: Screening, Assessment, Evaluation, and Diagnosis · Practice area: Motor speech / language

A person with reduced speech intelligibility also has word-finding pauses and difficulty understanding written sentences. Why should language assessment be added?

  • A. Written and comprehension deficits suggest language involvement beyond dysarthria
  • B. Dysarthria always causes reading impairment
  • C. Aphasia only affects speech sound production
  • D. Language testing is irrelevant when speech is unintelligible
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: A

Dysarthria affects speech production. Difficulty in written language or comprehension suggests that aphasia or another language disorder may also be contributing and should be assessed.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Correct.
  • B: Dysarthria does not inherently cause reading impairment.
  • C: Aphasia affects language, not only speech sounds.
  • D: Language assessment can be essential to differential diagnosis.

Source: ASHA Dysarthria in Adults

SLP-PREP-021 — Social communication / hearing

Category II: Screening, Assessment, Evaluation, and Diagnosis · Practice area: Social communication / hearing

Why is hearing screening commonly included when evaluating suspected social communication disorder?

  • A. To rule out hearing loss as a contributing factor to communication difficulty
  • B. Because hearing loss and SCD are the same diagnosis
  • C. Because SCD can be diagnosed only by an audiologist
  • D. To avoid observing communication in natural contexts
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: A

ASHA recommends hearing screening to rule out hearing loss as a contributing factor when social communication concerns are being evaluated.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Correct.
  • B: They are distinct conditions.
  • C: SCD assessment is within SLP practice; audiologists evaluate hearing disorders.
  • D: Functional and natural-context information remains important.

Source: ASHA Social Communication Disorder

SLP-PREP-022 — AAC

Category II: Screening, Assessment, Evaluation, and Diagnosis · Practice area: AAC

An AAC user cannot point accurately to test items, so the clinician changes the standardized response format. How should the resulting score be handled?

  • A. Report the standard score as fully valid
  • B. Use the modified task as clinical information but do not treat the standardized score as valid under standard norms
  • C. Increase the standard score to compensate for motor limitations
  • D. Discard all assessment information
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

ASHA notes that when standardized assessment tasks are modified, standardized scores cannot be interpreted as though standard administration occurred. Informal, dynamic, and functional information can supplement assessment.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Modification breaks standardization.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: There is no justified score adjustment formula.
  • D: Modified tasks can still provide useful descriptive information.

Source: ASHA Augmentative and Alternative Communication

SLP-PREP-023 — Pediatric feeding and swallowing

Category II: Screening, Assessment, Evaluation, and Diagnosis · Practice area: Pediatric feeding and swallowing

Which choice best supports ecological validity during a pediatric feeding assessment?

  • A. Use only unfamiliar foods selected by the clinician
  • B. Replicate the child’s usual feeding environment as closely as feasible, including familiar foods and utensils
  • C. Exclude caregiver input
  • D. Assess only oral structures without observing eating
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

ASHA recommends considering typical feeding practices and, when feasible, using foods, drinks, utensils, and positioning familiar to the child and family.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Unfamiliar foods alone can distort performance.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: Caregiver history and participation are important.
  • D: Functional feeding observation is part of comprehensive assessment.

Source: ASHA Pediatric Feeding and Swallowing

SLP-PREP-024 — Adult dysphagia

Category II: Screening, Assessment, Evaluation, and Diagnosis · Practice area: Adult dysphagia

A patient coughs once during a bedside swallowing evaluation. Which conclusion is most defensible?

  • A. Aspiration is proven
  • B. No further assessment can ever be useful
  • C. The cough is one clinical sign that must be interpreted with the full presentation; aspiration cannot be confirmed from that sign alone
  • D. The patient must permanently stop oral intake
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: C

Coughing can occur with dysphagia, but behavioral signs are not perfectly specific for penetration or aspiration. Clinical findings must be integrated with history, medical status, and instrumental assessment when indicated.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: A single cough does not prove aspiration.
  • B: Further assessment may be indicated.
  • C: Correct.
  • D: A permanent diet decision cannot be justified from one sign.

Source: ASHA Adult Dysphagia

Practice questions: Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation of Treatment

SLP-PREP-025 — Adult dysphagia

Category III: Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation of Treatment · Practice area: Adult dysphagia

Which statement correctly distinguishes a compensatory swallowing strategy from a rehabilitative exercise?

  • A. Compensatory strategies are intended to create lasting physiologic change after they are stopped
  • B. A posture such as head rotation may alter the swallow while it is used without necessarily creating lasting physiologic change
  • C. Rehabilitative exercises never target physiology
  • D. There is no meaningful distinction
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

Compensatory strategies alter swallowing performance during use, whereas rehabilitative approaches aim for lasting change in underlying function. Head rotation is an example of a compensatory strategy in appropriate cases.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: That describes a rehabilitative goal, not compensation.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: Rehabilitative exercises specifically target function/physiology.
  • D: The distinction is clinically meaningful.

Source: ASHA Adult Dysphagia

SLP-PREP-026 — AAC

Category III: Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation of Treatment · Practice area: AAC

A child uses speech, gestures, a low-tech board, and a speech-generating device in different settings. Which treatment philosophy best supports this pattern?

  • A. Require a single AAC mode across all situations
  • B. Support multiple communication modalities according to context, partner, and communicative intent
  • C. Remove speech once a device is introduced
  • D. Use high-tech AAC only
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

AAC intervention can intentionally support multiple modalities. A flexible system allows communication to shift with context, partner, access, and purpose.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: A single mode can unnecessarily restrict communication.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: AAC can augment existing speech rather than replace it.
  • D: Low-tech and unaided options may remain valuable.

Source: ASHA Augmentative and Alternative Communication

SLP-PREP-027 — Fluency

Category III: Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation of Treatment · Practice area: Fluency

For an adult who stutters, which treatment goal is most consistent with contemporary person-centered practice?

  • A. Eliminate every disfluency regardless of the person’s priorities
  • B. Address communication effectiveness and the individual’s adverse impact, goals, and preferences; fluency change may be only one component
  • C. Avoid discussing emotional or cognitive reactions
  • D. Use the same fluency technique for every client
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

ASHA describes stuttering treatment as individualized and multidimensional. Goals may include reducing adverse impact, supporting communication ease and confidence, and addressing the person’s priorities rather than focusing only on observable fluency.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Zero disfluency is not a universal or required goal.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: Affective and cognitive reactions may be important treatment targets.
  • D: Treatment is individualized.

Source: ASHA Stuttering, Cluttering, and Fluency

SLP-PREP-028 — Dysarthria

Category III: Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation of Treatment · Practice area: Dysarthria

Why might group treatment be added after a person with dysarthria has learned a new communication strategy individually?

  • A. Groups eliminate the need for individualized goals
  • B. Groups can provide naturalistic practice with communication partners and feedback on comprehensibility
  • C. Group treatment is always superior to individual treatment
  • D. Dysarthria cannot be treated individually
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

ASHA notes that individual treatment can support learning of new techniques, while group treatment can provide opportunities to practice strategies in more natural communication contexts.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Goals remain individualized.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: Format depends on the person and goals.
  • D: Individual treatment is commonly appropriate.

Source: ASHA Dysarthria in Adults

SLP-PREP-029 — Aphasia

Category III: Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation of Treatment · Practice area: Aphasia

Which treatment-planning approach best fits aphasia care?

  • A. Select goals solely from impairment test scores
  • B. Individualize treatment around assessed needs and goals identified with the person with aphasia and care partners
  • C. Use the same therapy hierarchy for every aphasia subtype
  • D. Delay functional communication goals until naming is normal
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

ASHA describes aphasia treatment as individualized and person- and family-centered, with goals informed by assessment and the priorities of the person with aphasia and care partners.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Test scores alone do not define functional priorities.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: Aphasia presentations and goals vary.
  • D: Functional goals need not wait for impairment normalization.

Source: ASHA Aphasia

SLP-PREP-030 — Speech sound production

Category III: Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation of Treatment · Practice area: Speech sound production

Which sequence best describes a common progression in speech sound treatment?

  • A. Maintenance → establishment → generalization
  • B. Establishment → generalization → maintenance
  • C. Generalization → screening → diagnosis
  • D. Diagnosis → maintenance → establishment
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

ASHA describes a common speech sound treatment sequence of establishing target production, generalizing it to increasingly challenging contexts, and maintaining/stabilizing the skill.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: The order is reversed.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: Screening and diagnosis are assessment processes, not the treatment sequence.
  • D: Maintenance follows, rather than precedes, skill establishment.

Source: ASHA Speech Sound Disorders: Articulation and Phonology

SLP-PREP-031 — AAC

Category III: Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation of Treatment · Practice area: AAC

A newly selected AAC system works well in clinic but is rarely used at home. Which intervention step is most directly indicated?

  • A. Immediately abandon AAC
  • B. Provide ongoing training and collaborative support for the user and communication partners in natural environments
  • C. Restrict AAC to therapy sessions
  • D. Replace the system without examining barriers
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

AAC intervention includes user and communication-partner training, naturalistic use, and ongoing modification as needs and contexts change. Implementation barriers should be addressed collaboratively.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Limited carryover does not automatically mean AAC should be abandoned.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: Restricting the system undermines functional communication.
  • D: Barriers should be assessed before replacement.

Source: ASHA Augmentative and Alternative Communication

SLP-PREP-032 — Pediatric feeding and swallowing

Category III: Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation of Treatment · Practice area: Pediatric feeding and swallowing

Which approach is most appropriate for pediatric feeding and swallowing intervention?

  • A. Use an isolated SLP-only plan regardless of medical or family factors
  • B. Use collaborative, individualized care that includes caregivers and other relevant professionals
  • C. Choose treatment based only on the child’s age
  • D. Exclude culturally familiar foods from treatment
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

Pediatric feeding and swallowing care is interdisciplinary and family-centered. Treatment planning considers medical status, nutrition, feeding skills, environment, culture, and caregiver needs.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Complex feeding problems commonly require team collaboration.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: Age alone is insufficient.
  • D: Cultural and family feeding practices should be considered.

Source: ASHA Pediatric Feeding and Swallowing

SLP-PREP-033 — Voice

Category III: Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation of Treatment · Practice area: Voice

An SLP is treating a patient with a voice disorder and new symptoms suggest a medical condition outside the SLP’s scope. What is the best response?

  • A. Continue treatment without changing the plan
  • B. Collaborate with or refer to the appropriate medical professional while continuing only services within competence and scope
  • C. Make the medical diagnosis independently
  • D. Stop all communication with the patient
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

Voice management is often interdisciplinary. SLPs refer to appropriate medical or other professionals when diagnosis or treatment outside their scope is indicated.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: New medical concerns can require referral.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: The SLP should not make a medical diagnosis outside scope.
  • D: Referral does not require abandoning appropriate SLP care.

Source: ASHA Voice Disorders

SLP-PREP-034 — Acquired apraxia of speech

Category III: Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation of Treatment · Practice area: Acquired apraxia of speech

Which treatment principle is especially relevant for acquired apraxia of speech?

  • A. Avoid repeated speech practice because it reinforces errors
  • B. Use speech-motor practice informed by motor-learning principles and adjust feedback/cueing to the individual
  • C. Treat only language comprehension
  • D. Use hearing aids as the primary intervention
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

AOS treatment commonly relies on repeated speech-motor practice and principles of motor learning. Feedback, cueing, complexity, and intensity are selected according to the person and treatment goals.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Repeated practice is commonly important in motor-speech rehabilitation.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: AOS is a speech-motor disorder, though aphasia may co-occur.
  • D: Hearing technology is not the primary AOS treatment.

Source: ASHA Acquired Apraxia of Speech

SLP-PREP-035 — Hearing / aural rehabilitation

Category III: Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation of Treatment · Practice area: Hearing / aural rehabilitation

An adult with hearing loss wants to communicate more successfully in restaurants and family gatherings. Which plan best fits aural rehabilitation?

  • A. Focus only on pure-tone thresholds
  • B. Combine individualized communication goals with strategies such as environmental modification, partner training, counseling, and auditory/communication practice as appropriate
  • C. Tell the person that hearing technology alone resolves every communication problem
  • D. Avoid involving communication partners
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

Aural rehabilitation is person-centered and may combine sensory management, counseling, environmental changes, communication strategies, perceptual training, and partner involvement to improve activity and participation.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Thresholds do not capture the full functional goal.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: Technology can help but is not the only component of rehabilitation.
  • D: Communication partners can be important to outcomes.

Source: ASHA Auditory or Aural Rehabilitation for Adults

SLP-PREP-036 — Evidence-based treatment planning

Category III: Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation of Treatment · Practice area: Evidence-based treatment planning

A clinician finds research supporting an intervention, but the client’s priorities and response data suggest the plan needs modification. What is the best next step?

  • A. Follow the published study without adjustment
  • B. Integrate the research with clinical expertise, the client’s perspectives, and internal outcome data to revise the plan
  • C. Ignore the research completely
  • D. Continue the same plan until discharge regardless of progress
Reveal answer and explanation

Answer: B

Evidence-based practice integrates external and internal evidence with clinical expertise and client perspectives. Treatment decisions should be responsive to the individual’s goals and measured response.

Why the other choices are weaker

  • A: Research must be applied in context, not mechanically.
  • B: Correct.
  • C: Relevant research remains part of the decision.
  • D: Progress monitoring should inform treatment changes.

Source: ASHA evidence-based practice guidance

What score do you need?

For ASHA certification, the current passing score for speech-language pathology is 162 on the 100–200 scale. ASHA also notes that raw points are based on correct answers and are converted to a scaled score in a way that adjusts for question difficulty.

Do not use a simple “questions correct ÷ 132” formula to predict a 162. Castleport does not convert your score on this practice set to an official scaled score.

Official score information: ASHA National Examination Scores and Score Reports

State licensing or school-credential requirements can differ. Check the requirement from the board or agency that will use your score.

Is the SLP Praxis changing in 2027?

The administration changes; the exam content you need to study does not.

SLP exam administration through 2026 and from 2027
If you test… Exam/vendor Study implication
Through December 26, 2026 ETS Praxis Speech-Language Pathology (5331) Use the current blueprint and content areas
Beginning January 11, 2027 PSI National Speech-Language Pathology Examination ASHA says the questions, format, content areas, structure, and passing standard remain the same

Current transition details: ASHA National Examinations overview and ASHA registration page.

Final-week checklist

  • Complete one timed mixed practice block and review the rationales.
  • Review your error log instead of rereading every resource.
  • Revisit the weakest top-level category and the weakest practice area.
  • Confirm your current registration/vendor instructions from ASHA/ETS/PSI.
  • Confirm identification, test-day, and accommodation instructions from the official vendor that applies to your date.
  • Verify any score-recipient or state requirement that matters to your application.
  • Stop adding giant new resources at the last minute.
  • Protect ordinary sleep, food, hydration, and routine before test day.

Official resources

Sources and independence

Last verified: November 8, 2026 for the exam structure, ASHA passing score, and ETS-to-PSI transition dates cited on this page. Clinical practice sources linked with the questions were also checked during this editorial audit.

Castleport Test Prep is an independent exam prep publisher. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or approved by ETS, ASHA, or PSI. Exam and credential names are used to identify the subject of this resource; names and trademarks belong to their respective owners. Castleport practice questions are original and unofficial, not recalled, leaked, or reconstructed exam questions.

The study plan and scoring on this page are manual: count your correct answers yourself, record misses in your own error log, and use your own clock for timed practice.

Editorial status: this guide and its practice questions have not yet been reviewed by a qualified licensed speech-language pathologist.

SLP Praxis Exam Prep: Free Study Guide + Practice